Hemorrhoids: Quick Guide to Relief and Prevention

Hemorrhoids affect nearly half of adults by age 50, but many people avoid talking about them. They're swollen veins in the anus or lower rectum, and they come in two types: internal (inside the rectum) and external (under the skin around the anus). Knowing which type you have helps pick the right treatment.

Common signs are bright red bleeding during bowel movements, itching, pain or discomfort, and a small lump near the anus. Internal hemorrhoids may bleed without pain. External ones often cause pain, especially if a blood clot forms. If you see blood, don't panic — but don't ignore it either.

Start with simple at-home steps that actually work. Take warm sitz baths for 10 to 15 minutes two to three times a day to reduce pain and swelling. Use moist wipes or a shower to clean after bowel movements; avoid dry toilet paper that can irritate. Apply cold compresses for short-term pain relief.

Over-the-counter options can bring fast relief. Hydrocortisone creams reduce itching and swelling for a few days. Witch hazel pads or wipes calm irritation. Stool softeners and fiber supplements (psyllium or methylcellulose) make stools easier to pass and cut down on straining. Short courses of oral pain relievers help with discomfort.

Small lifestyle changes prevent recurrences. Add 20 to 30 grams of fiber daily from fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes. Drink plenty of water—aim for about eight glasses a day, more if you exercise. Don't rush on the toilet. Avoid straining and don't sit for long periods; give yourself a private, relaxed bathroom routine. Regular moderate exercise helps bowel regularity and reduces pressure on pelvic veins.

See a doctor if bleeding is heavy, you feel faint, severe pain won't go away, or a lump won't reduce. Also get checked if symptoms persist for more than a week despite home care. Doctors can treat hemorrhoids with office procedures like rubber band ligation, sclerotherapy, or infrared coagulation. Surgical options such as hemorrhoidectomy are reserved for large or persistent hemorrhoids.

Quick checklist: increase fiber, hydrate, use sitz baths, avoid straining, try OTC creams or pads, use a stool softener short-term, and see your provider for persistent or severe symptoms. Avoid lifting heavy weights right after a flare and skip long cycling sessions until you heal.

If you're unsure what to try first, start with fiber and sitz baths; they're low-risk and often effective. When in doubt, ask a healthcare professional—bleeding deserves evaluation and relief is usually within reach.

Pregnancy and hemorrhoids: common due to pressure from uterus and constipation. Pregnant people should focus on stool softeners approved by their provider, gentle exercises like walking, and using sitz baths. Avoid long-term steroid creams — use hydrocortisone for no more than a week unless directed by a doctor. If bleeding is heavy or you have dizziness, seek urgent care. Keep a food list: oats, beans, berries, prunes, and steamed vegetables to boost fiber naturally. Small changes often stop flares before they even start.